Шувууны ханиаданд тэсвэртэй шинэ үүлдрийн тахиа гарган авчээ
Их Британийн судлаачид генийг засварладаг CRISPR/Cas9 гэдэг аргыг ашиглан шувууны ханиадыг тэсвэрлэх чадвартай тахианы шинэ үүлдрийг гарган авчээ. Тодруулбал, эрдэмтэд Нобелийн шагналыг хүртсэн уг аргыг ашиглан ANP32A генийн бүтцэд хоёр жижиг өөрчлөлт хийсэн байна. Эдгээр мутаци нь шувуудын 90 хувийг вирусийн гурван өөр омгийн халдвараас хамгаалсан тухай "Nature Communications" сэтгүүлд нийтлэгдсэн судлаачдын өгүүлэлд бичжээ.
“Бид ANP32 төрөлд хамаарах хэд хэдэн генийн бүтцийг өөрчилсөн бөгөөд ингэснээр тэдгээр генүүд томуугийн вирусийн генийг хуулбарлах үйл явцад оролцохоо больсон. Эдгээр өөрчлөлтүүд нь тахианы бие организмын эрүүл байдал, өндөглөх чадварт ямар ч нөлөө үзүүлээгүйн зэрэгцээ шувууны томуугийн олон тооны вирусээр шууд халдварлуулсны дараа ч гэсэн ханиадыг эсэргүүцэх чадвар нь нэмэгдсэн" гэж судалгааны тайланд дурдсан байна.
Энэхүү нээлтийг Эдинбургийн Их Сургуулийн эрдэмтэн Майкл Макгрюгээр ахлуулсан Британийн молекулын биологичдын баг ANP32 төрөлд хамаарах вирусийн хэсгүүд ба уургийн харилцан үйлчлэлийг судлах төслийн хүрээнд хийсэн байна. Эдгээр пептид нь шувууд болон хөхтөн амьтдын эсийн генийн үйл ажиллагааг хянахад чухал үүрэг гүйцэтгэхийн зэрэгцээ шувууны томуугийн вирус үржихэд ч мөн нөлөөлдөг ажээ.
М. Макгрю-гийн багийнхан томуугийн вирусийн генийн шинэ хуулбарыг бэлтгэх үүрэгтэй ANP32 уураг ба RdRp вирусийн ферментийн харилцан үйлчлэлийг судалж, тэдгээр нь хоорондоо урвалд орох үед ANP32 төрөлд хамаарах пептидийн бүтцэд ердөө хоёр амин хүчил гол үүрэг гүйцэтгэдэг болохыг тогтоожээ. Дараа нь эрдэмтэд ANP32 уургийн үйлдвэрлэлийг кодолдог тахианы генийн хэсэгт яг тохирсон хоёр өөрчлөлтийг оруулсан байна.
Ганцхан генд буюу ANP32A-д ийм өөрчлөлтийг оруулснаар шувууны томуу агаар дуслын замаар тархах үед томуугийн гурван төрлийн халдвараас бүрэн хамгаалж, мөн тахиаг вирусээр шууд халдварлуулах үед халдвар авах магадлал 90 хувиар буурдаг болохыг дараа дараачийн туршилтууд харууллаа. Харин ANP32A, ANP32B, ANP32E гэсэн гурван генийг өөрчилснөөр шувууны томуугийн бүх хэлбэрийг шувууны уушгины эсүүдэд нэвтрэхээс бүрэн сэргийлсэн байна.
Одоо ДНХ-гийн гурван хэсэгт нэгэн зэрэг оруулсан өөрчлөлтүүд нь шувууны бие организмын эрүүл үйл ажиллагаа, өндөглөх чадварт урт хугацаандаа хэрхэн нөлөөлөхийг судлахаар төлөвлөж байна. Үүнийг судалснаар шувууны томуугийн бүх төрлийн халдварыг тэсвэрлэх чадвартай тахианы анхны үүлдрийг гарган авах боломжтой болж, улмаар шувууны ханиад хувьсан өөрчлөгдөх явц, хүнд халдварлах давтамжийг бууруулна гэж профессор Макгрю-гийн багийн эрдэмтэд найдаж байна.
Д.Жаргал
Эх сурвалж: "Монцамэ агентлаг"
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